Arabic Definite and Indefinite Articles
1 - Arabic Definite Article:
The definite article in Arabic is formed by adding the prefix “al الـ” to the noun, “al الـ” is equal to “the” in English and it should be connected to the noun. Examples: the boy = al walad الولد, the girl = al bent البِنْت, the house = al bayt البَيْت.
The definite article “al, ال” is not all the time pronounced as “al”, the “al” would be pronounced as “a” instead of “al” if it precedes one of the following letters: (t - ت, th- ث, d - د, dh- ذ, r- ر, z- ز, s- س, sh- ش, s- ص, d -ض, t - ط, z- ظ, n- ن)
This process is called assimilation. An easy way to make the pronunciation easier, just like the way English does with the indefinite article “a” (a book, but an eagle).
The sky = assamaa السَّمَاء (instead of alsamaa) because sky =samaa سَمَاء starts with a (s س which is part of the letters above).
The moon = alqamar الْقَمَر, since the letter q ق is not in the list above we can always use the full “al” with it.
2 - Arabic Indefinite Articles:
To use the indefinite article in Arabic, there is not much that you can add, just leave the word with no article, especially when you write in Arabic alphabet, there is a small modification however that occurs to the tail of the word, called nunation (adding the suffix “un”):
A house = bayt +un = baytun بَيْتٌ, the “un” is expressed by this symbol ( ُor ٌ) when written in Arabic alphabet, like in the example of: baytun = بَيْتٌ.
A sun = shams+un = Shamsun شَمْسٌ, a dog = kalbunكَلْبٌ, a tree = shajaratun شجرةٌ, a student = tilmeedun تلميذٌ, a language = lugatun لُغَةٌ.
Since the nunation is a property of the indefinite article you cannot apply it to the definite article,
The star = annajm النَّجْم, a star = najmun نَجْمٌ.
